This article is an example guide on how to configure Oracle MiniCluster to perform Oracle Recovery Manager (Oracle RMAN) database backups on the NFS-mounted Oracle MiniCluster internal storage.
Table of Contents
Introduction
This article starts at the point where Oracle MiniCluster initial installation and application installation have been completed or are nearly complete. Before the backup configuration process described in this article can begin, Oracle MiniCluster must be installed and configured.
Be sure to read through the entire article in sequential order, so you don't miss any key steps.
Configuration Walk-Through
The following sections provide a walk-through of the required steps to set up Oracle RMAN database backups to NFS-mounted Oracle MiniCluster internal storage.
Enable Shared Storage
To use the Oracle MiniCluster internal storage for Oracle RMAN backups, you must first enable it using the Oracle MiniCluster management utility. The internal shared storage can be enabled or disabled during the virtual machine (VM) profile creation or on the Database VM Group or Application VM Group Profile Summary pages in the Oracle MiniCluster management utility. When the shared storage is enabled, the
/sharedstore mount point is created and the shared internal NFS share is configured to be mounted going forward.
Figure 1 shows a Database VM Group Profile Summary screen in the Oracle MiniCluster management utility. In this example, the shared storage is enabled for the Database VM group
oos-dbg1.
Figure 1. Database VM Group Profile Summary page showing enabled shared storage.
Tune Virtual Machines
Check the TCP/IP and NFS tuning on each VM that is using the internal storage for Oracle RMAN backups. Depending on the code level running on Oracle MiniCluster, you might not need to add any of these settings, because the installation configures these settings automatically.
Make sure the following entries are in the
/etc/system file on each VM that is using the internal storage for Oracle RMAN backups. Any changes made to the /etc/system file require a reboot of the VM to take effect.set rpcmode:clnt_max_conns = 8
set nfs:nfsv4_bsize=131072
To tune the TCP/IP stack for higher performance, the following
ipadm commands can be added to boot scripts, be run on the command line, or be added to backup scripts.ipadm set-prop -p max_buf=2097152 tcp
ipadm set-prop -p send_buf=1048576 tcp
ipadm set-prop -p recv_buf=1048576 tcp
Tune the Oracle Database Instance for Oracle RMAN
Tuning Oracle RMAN for high performance can be done with SQL*Plus or Oracle RMAN.
Table 1 lists the Oracle Database parameters that need tuning.
Table 1. Oracle Database Parameters
Parameter
|
Description
|
|---|---|
_backup_disk_bufcnt | Number of buffers used to process backup sets |
_backup_disk_bufsz | Size of the buffers used to process backup sets |
_backup_file_bufcnt | Number of buffers used to process image copies |
_backup_file_bufsz | Size of the buffers used to process image copies |
The Oracle RMAN tuning can be set with SQL*Plus to apply the settings to all Oracle RMAN sessions, as follows:
SQL> alter system set "_backup_disk_bufcnt"=64;
SQL> alter system set "_backup_file_bufcnt"=64;
SQL> alter system set "_backup_disk_bufsz"=1048576;
SQL> alter system set "_backup_file_bufsz"=1048576;
The Oracle RMAN tuning can also be set in each Oracle RMAN session by adding the following parameters to the run block of Oracle RMAN scripts:
sql 'alter system set "_backup_disk_bufcnt"=64';
sql 'alter system set "_backup_disk_bufsz"=1048576';
Create Directories on the Shared Storage
You must create a directory on the
/sharedstore mount point, because the system configures the default mount point owner to be root and this does not meet Oracle RMAN requirements. This directory must be owned by the oracle user and either the oinstall or dba group on the database VMs to meet Oracle RMAN requirements. The directory for scripts is not required, but it is best practice to store Oracle RMAN scripts on the shared storage to enable both nodes to access the same scripts. The DatabaseName directory is also not required, but this is a good way to keep the Oracle RMAN output for each database together.# mkdir /sharedstore/rman
# mkdir /sharedstore/rman/scripts
# mkdir /sharedstore/rman/DatabaseName
# chmod -R 775 /sharedstore/rman
# chown -R oracle:dba /sharedstore/rman
Configure the ORANFSTAB File for Direct NFS Client
Using the Direct NFS Client (dNFS) feature of Oracle Database is required for all database backups to NFS shares on Oracle MiniCluster, because NFSv3 is not supported and using dNFS is the only way to use NFSv4 with Oracle RMAN. Databases created with the Oracle MiniCluster management utility should already be configured for dNFS by default, if shared storage was enabled when you created the database. You can also create the file manually, if necessary.
If you are using an Oracle Real Application Clusters (Oracle RAC) database, you must set up
ORANFSTAB files on both cluster nodes. The default location for the ORANFSTAB files is the $ORACLE_HOME/dbs directory. Note that the command syntax for the export and mount parameters requires that both entries be on the same line, even if the text wraps to a new line on the screen while you are adding the text to the file. If you make sure this file is configured before enabling or using dNFS, this will avoid the need to restart the database an additional time.
The following are key settings not typically found in the ORANFSTAB file:
nfs_version: NFSv3 is the default for Oracle Database, but NFSv4 is required.local: This setting is required on Oracle MiniCluster because there are always multiple network on the VMs and you need to direct the NFS traffic over the correct ports. This setting is especially helpful if you are using the extra network ports on the systems for backup and recovery.
server: 10.129.73.170
nfs_version: NFSv4
local: 10.129.73.174
path: 10.129.73.170
export: /sharedstore/sharedstore mount: /sharedstore
Enable dNFS
Databases created with the Oracle MiniCluster management utility should be already configured for dNFS by default, if shared storage was enabled when you created the database. You can also enable dNFS manually, if necessary, by running the following commands. If you are using an Oracle RAC database, you must set up
ORANFSTAB files on both nodes. No matter what type of database you are using, the database must be restarted to enable dNFS.# cd $ORACLE_HOME/lib
# make -f ins_rdbms.mk dnfs_on
# mv $ORACLE_HOME/lib/libodm12.so $ORACLE_HOME/lib/libodm12.so.dnfsenabled;
# cp $ORACLE_HOME/lib/libnfsodm12.so $ORACLE_HOME/lib/libodm12.so
Create Cluster Services for Oracle RMAN
Create cluster services to allow Oracle RMAN to connect to the database regardless of which node the backup or the database is being run from. Cluster services are also a great way to load balance the Oracle RMAN backups across Oracle RAC nodes or networks.
The following is the general command to create cluster services:
# srvctl add service -d DatabaseName -s ServiceName -r PrimaryNode -a SecondaryNodes
As an example, the following commands create cluster services
RMAN1 and RMAN2 for database VIS.# srvctl add service -d VIS -s RMAN1 -r VIS001 -a VIS002
# srvctl add service -d VIS -s RMAN2 -r VIS002 -a VIS001
If you have password and login issues when connecting to the services, you might need to copy the local password files to external password files, as seen in the following example.
# cp $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwDBName $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwDBInstanceName
As an example, the following commands copy the local password file to external password files.
# cp $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwVIS $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwVIS001
# cp $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwVIS $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwVIS002
If the services are ever running on a secondary (and not primary) node, you can stop and start the services to reset them back to their primary nodes, as shown in the following example.
# srvctl stop service RMAN1
# srvctl stop service RMAN2
# srvctl start service RMAN1
# srvctl start service RMAN2
Example Scripts
The following sections contain example Oracle RMAN backup scripts. Examples include the following:
- Full backup script
- Incremental level 1 backup script
- Image copy backup script
- Image merge script
- Restore validate script
Example Oracle RMAN Full Backup Script
This example Oracle RMAN script performs a full backup of an Oracle RAC database.
The following are key points about the script:
- Make sure to load balance the channels by switching nodes every other channel allocation.
- Ideally, use the same mount points on each node.
- Use more Oracle RMAN channels to raise performance and use fewer Oracle RMAN channels to lower performance.
- Store the database on flash storage to make it easy to tune the number of channels to any backup target.
alter database begin backup;
run {
allocate channel ch001 device type disk connect 'sys/SYSPWD@DBscan/RMAN1' format '/sharedstore/rman/DBNAME/%U';
allocate channel ch002 device type disk connect 'sys/SYSPWD@DBscan/RMAN2' format '/sharedstore/rman/DBNAME/%U';
allocate channel ch003 device type disk connect 'sys/SYSPWD@DBscan/RMAN1' format '/sharedstore/rman/DBNAME/%U';
allocate channel ch004 device type disk connect 'sys/SYSPWD@DBscan/RMAN2' format '/sharedstore/rman/DBNAME/%U';
allocate channel ch005 device type disk connect 'sys/SYSPWD@DBscan/RMAN1' format '/sharedstore/rman/DBNAME/%U';
allocate channel ch006 device type disk connect 'sys/SYSPWD@DBscan/RMAN2' format '/sharedstore/rman/DBNAME/%U';
allocate channel ch007 device type disk connect 'sys/SYSPWD@DBscan/RMAN1' format '/sharedstore/rman/DBNAME/%U';
allocate channel ch008 device type disk connect 'sys/SYSPWD@DBscan/RMAN2' format '/sharedstore/rman/DBNAME/%U';
backup archivelog all not backed up 1 times delete input
TAG 'logs_bb' FORMAT '/sharedstore/rman/DBNAME/%d_%s_%p_%c_%t.arc.rman';
BACKUP database
TAG 'full_bkset' FORMAT '/sharedstore/rman/DBNAME/%d_%s_%p_%c_%t.db.rman';
backup archivelog all not backed up 1 times delete input
TAG 'logs_ab' FORMAT '/sharedstore/rman/DBNAME/%d_%s_%p_%c_%t.arc.rman';
backup current controlfile
TAG 'ctl_bk' FORMAT '/sharedstore/rman/DBNAME/%d_%s_%p_%c_%t.ctl.rman';
backup spfile
TAG 'spfile_bk' FORMAT '/sharedstore/rman/DBNAME/%d_%s_%p_%c_%t.spfile.rman';
DELETE FORCE NOPROMPT obsolete;
release channel ch001;
release channel ch002;
release channel ch003;
release channel ch004;
release channel ch005;
release channel ch006;
release channel ch007;
release channel ch008;
}
alter database end backup;
exit
Example Oracle RMAN Incremental Level 1 Backup Script
This example Oracle RMAN script performs an incremental level 1 backup of an Oracle RAC database.
The following are key points about the script:
- Make sure to load balance the channels by switching nodes every other channel allocation.
- Ideally, use the same mount points on each node.
- Use more Oracle RMAN channels to raise performance and use fewer Oracle RMAN channels to lower performance.
- Use block change tracking to reduce the run time of incremental backups.
alter database begin backup;
run {
allocate channel ch001 device type disk connect 'sys/SYSPWD@DBscan/RMAN1' format '/sharedstore/rman/DBNAME/%U';
allocate channel ch002 device type disk connect 'sys/SYSPWD@DBscan/RMAN2' format '/sharedstore/rman/DBNAME/%U';
allocate channel ch003 device type disk connect 'sys/SYSPWD@DBscan/RMAN1' format '/sharedstore/rman/DBNAME/%U';
allocate channel ch004 device type disk connect 'sys/SYSPWD@DBscan/RMAN2' format '/sharedstore/rman/DBNAME/%U';
allocate channel ch005 device type disk connect 'sys/SYSPWD@DBscan/RMAN1' format '/sharedstore/rman/DBNAME/%U';
allocate channel ch006 device type disk connect 'sys/SYSPWD@DBscan/RMAN2' format '/sharedstore/rman/DBNAME/%U';
allocate channel ch007 device type disk connect 'sys/SYSPWD@DBscan/RMAN1' format '/sharedstore/rman/DBNAME/%U';
allocate channel ch008 device type disk connect 'sys/SYSPWD@DBscan/RMAN2' format '/sharedstore/rman/DBNAME/%U';
backup archivelog all not backed up 1 times delete input
TAG 'logs_bb' FORMAT '/sharedstore/rman/DBNAME/%d_%s_%p_%c_%t.arc.rman';
backup INCREMENTAL LEVEL 1 database
TAG 'incr_bkset' FORMAT '/sharedstore/rman/DBNAME/%d_%s_%p_%c_%t.db.rman';
backup archivelog all not backed up 1 times delete input
TAG 'logs_ab' FORMAT '/sharedstore/rman/DBNAME/%d_%s_%p_%c_%t.arc.rman';
backup current controlfile
TAG 'ctl_bk' FORMAT '/sharedstore/rman/DBNAME/%d_%s_%p_%c_%t.ctl.rman';
backup spfile
TAG 'spfile_bk' FORMAT '/sharedstore/rman/DBNAME/%d_%s_%p_%c_%t.spfile.rman';
DELETE FORCE NOPROMPT obsolete;
release channel ch001;
release channel ch002;
release channel ch003;
release channel ch004;
release channel ch005;
release channel ch006;
release channel ch007;
release channel ch008;
}
alter database end backup;
exit
Example Oracle RMAN Image Copy Backup Script
This example Oracle RMAN script performs an image copy backup of an Oracle RAC database.
The following are key points about the script:
- It creates copies of database files.
- It enables mounting the database from the copies made by Oracle RMAN.
- It provides the highest performing backup.
alter database begin backup;
run {
allocate channel ch001 device type disk connect 'sys/SYSPWD@DBscan/RMAN1' format '/sharedstore/rman/DBNAME/%U';
allocate channel ch002 device type disk connect 'sys/SYSPWD@DBscan/RMAN2' format '/sharedstore/rman/DBNAME/%U';
allocate channel ch003 device type disk connect 'sys/SYSPWD@DBscan/RMAN1' format '/sharedstore/rman/DBNAME/%U';
allocate channel ch004 device type disk connect 'sys/SYSPWD@DBscan/RMAN2' format '/sharedstore/rman/DBNAME/%U';
allocate channel ch005 device type disk connect 'sys/SYSPWD@DBscan/RMAN1' format '/sharedstore/rman/DBNAME/%U';
allocate channel ch006 device type disk connect 'sys/SYSPWD@DBscan/RMAN2' format '/sharedstore/rman/DBNAME/%U';
allocate channel ch007 device type disk connect 'sys/SYSPWD@DBscan/RMAN1' format '/sharedstore/rman/DBNAME/%U';
allocate channel ch008 device type disk connect 'sys/SYSPWD@DBscan/RMAN2' format '/sharedstore/rman/DBNAME/%U';
backup archivelog all not backed up 1 times delete input
TAG 'logs_bi' FORMAT '/sharedstore/rman/DBNAME/%d_%s_%p_%c_%t.arc.rman';
backup incremental level 1 for recover of copy with
tag 'IMAGECOPY' database;
backup archivelog all not backed up 1 times delete input
TAG 'logs_ai' FORMAT '/sharedstore/rman/DBNAME/%d_%s_%p_%c_%t.arc.rman';
backup current controlfile
TAG 'ctl_bk' FORMAT '/sharedstore/rman/DBNAME/%d_%s_%p_%c_%t.ctl.rman';
backup spfile
TAG 'spfile_bk' FORMAT '/sharedstore/rman/DBNAME/%d_%s_%p_%c_%t.spfile.rman';
DELETE FORCE NOPROMPT obsolete;
release channel ch001;
release channel ch002;
release channel ch003;
release channel ch004;
release channel ch005;
release channel ch006;
release channel ch007;
release channel ch008;
}
alter database end backup;
exit
Example Oracle RMAN Image Merge Script
This example Oracle RMAN script performs an image merge backup of an Oracle RAC database.
The following are key points about the script:
- It is a very I/O-intensive process that must be run on DB nodes.
- It enables faster restores with less log replaying.
- It must be run after image copy backups.
- It works only on images copies.
run {
allocate channel ch001 device type disk connect 'sys/SYSPWD@DBscan/RMAN1' format '/sharedstore/rman/DBNAME/%U';
allocate channel ch002 device type disk connect 'sys/SYSPWD@DBscan/RMAN2' format '/sharedstore/rman/DBNAME/%U';
allocate channel ch003 device type disk connect 'sys/SYSPWD@DBscan/RMAN1' format '/sharedstore/rman/DBNAME/%U';
allocate channel ch004 device type disk connect 'sys/SYSPWD@DBscan/RMAN2' format '/sharedstore/rman/DBNAME/%U';
allocate channel ch005 device type disk connect 'sys/SYSPWD@DBscan/RMAN1' format '/sharedstore/rman/DBNAME/%U';
allocate channel ch006 device type disk connect 'sys/SYSPWD@DBscan/RMAN2' format '/sharedstore/rman/DBNAME/%U';
allocate channel ch007 device type disk connect 'sys/SYSPWD@DBscan/RMAN1' format '/sharedstore/rman/DBNAME/%U';
allocate channel ch008 device type disk connect 'sys/SYSPWD@DBscan/RMAN2' format '/sharedstore/rman/DBNAME/%U';
recover copy of database with
tag 'IMAGECOPY';
release channel ch001;
release channel ch002;
release channel ch003;
release channel ch004;
release channel ch005;
release channel ch006;
release channel ch007;
release channel ch008;
}
exit
Example Oracle RMAN Restore Validate Script
This example Oracle RMAN script validates the restore operation of an Oracle RAC database without actually restoring anything. You can remove the word validate from the example script to make it a restore database script.
The following are key points about the script:
- It verifies that a restore could be done.
- It shows how the restore would perform if the script were run.
- It should be run after any changes are made to backup scripts.
run {
allocate channel ch001 device type disk connect 'sys/SYSPWD@DBscan/RMAN1' format '/sharedstore/rman/DBNAME/%U';
allocate channel ch002 device type disk connect 'sys/SYSPWD@DBscan/RMAN2' format '/sharedstore/rman/DBNAME/%U';
allocate channel ch003 device type disk connect 'sys/SYSPWD@DBscan/RMAN1' format '/sharedstore/rman/DBNAME/%U';
allocate channel ch004 device type disk connect 'sys/SYSPWD@DBscan/RMAN2' format '/sharedstore/rman/DBNAME/%U';
allocate channel ch005 device type disk connect 'sys/SYSPWD@DBscan/RMAN1' format '/sharedstore/rman/DBNAME/%U';
allocate channel ch006 device type disk connect 'sys/SYSPWD@DBscan/RMAN2' format '/sharedstore/rman/DBNAME/%U';
allocate channel ch007 device type disk connect 'sys/SYSPWD@DBscan/RMAN1' format '/sharedstore/rman/DBNAME/%U';
allocate channel ch008 device type disk connect 'sys/SYSPWD@DBscan/RMAN2' format '/sharedstore/rman/DBNAME/%U';
restore validate database;
release channel ch001;
release channel ch002;
release channel ch003;
release channel ch004;
release channel ch005;
release channel ch006;
release channel ch007;
release channel ch008;
}
exit
See Also
For more information, please see the following resources:
- "Using Oracle Optimized Solution for Secure Backup and Recovery with Oracle MiniCluster"
- "Deploying Oracle Secure Backup on Oracle MiniCluster"
- "Using Oracle RMAN with Oracle ZFS Storage Appliances on Oracle MiniCluster"
- "Using Oracle RMAN with SPARC S7-2L Servers on Oracle MiniCluster"
- Oracle MiniCluster S7-2 engineered system web page
- Oracle MiniCluster S7-2 documentation library
- Oracle Recovery Manager web page
- Oracle Database 12c Release 2: Database Backup and Recovery User's Guide
- "Using Oracle Optimized Solution for Secure Backup and Recovery with Oracle MiniCluster"
About the Author
Dean Halbeisen is a solutions manager at Oracle. He has over 20 years of IT experience and is an expert in enterprise computing solutions, most recently applying these practices to next-generation data center solutions, integrated systems, and Oracle engineered systems. In his current role, he is responsible for solution architecture and development around Oracle Optimized Solutions, including communicating about Oracle's systems, solutions, technology strategies, and roadmaps to customers, partners, and internal stakeholders.
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